You can keep your blood glucose levels on target by
• making wise food choices
• being physically active
• taking medicines if needed
For people taking certain diabetes medicines, following a schedule for meals, snacks, and physical activity is best. However, some diabetes medicines allow for more flexibility. You’ll work with your health care team to create a diabetes plan that’s best for you.
You can take good care of yourself and your diabetes by learning
• what to eat
• how much to eat
• when to eat
Making wise food choices can help you
• feel good every day
• lose weight if you need to
• lower your risk for heart disease, stroke, and other problems caused by diabetes
Healthful eating helps keep your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, in your target range. Physical activity and, if needed, diabetes medicines also help. The diabetes target range is the blood glucose level suggested by diabetes experts for good health. You can help prevent health problems by keeping your blood glucose levels on target.
Your Diabetes Medicines
What you eat and when you eat affect how your diabetes medicines work. Talk with your doctor or diabetes teacher about when to take your diabetes medicines. Fill in the names of your diabetes medicines, when to take them, and how much to take. Draw hands on the clocks to show when to take your medicines.
Your Physical Activity Plan
What you eat and when also depend on how much you exercise. Physical activity is an important part of staying healthy and controlling your blood glucose. Keep these points in mind:
• Talk with your doctor about what types of exercise are safe for you.
• Make sure your shoes fit well and your socks stay clean and dry. Check your feet for redness or sores after exercising. Call your doctor if you have sores that do not heal.
• Warm up and stretch for 5 to 10 minutes before you exercise. Then cool down for several minutes after you exercise. For example, walk slowly at first, stretch, and then walk faster.
Finish up by walking slowly again.
• Ask your doctor whether you should exercise if your blood glucose level is high.
• Ask your doctor whether you should have a snack before you exercise.
• Know the signs of low blood glucose, also called hypoglycemia. Always carry food or glucose tablets to treat low blood glucose.
• Always wear your medical identification or other ID.
• Find an exercise buddy. Many people find they are more likely to do something active if a friend joins them.
Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia)
Low blood glucose can make you feel shaky, weak, confused, irritable, hungry, or tired. You may sweat a lot or get a headache. If you have these symptoms, check your blood glucose. If it is below 70, have one of the following right away:
• 3 or 4 glucose tablets
• 1 serving of glucose gel—the amount equal to 15 grams of carbohydrate
• 1/2 cup (4 ounces) of any fruit juice
• 1/2 cup (4 ounces) of a regular (not diet) soft drink
• 1 cup (8 ounces) of milk
• 5 or 6 pieces of hard candy
• 1 tablespoon of sugar or honey
After 15 minutes, check your blood glucose again. If it’s still too low, have another serving. Repeat these steps until your blood glucose level is 70 or higher. If it will be an hour or more before your next meal, have a snack as well.
When You’re Sick
Take care of yourself when you’re sick. Being sick can make your blood glucose go too high.
Tips on what to do include the following:
• Check your blood glucose level every 4 hours. Write down the results.
• Keep taking your diabetes medicines. You need them even if you can’t keep food down.
• Drink at least one cup (8 ounces) of water or other calorie-free, caffeine-free liquid every hour while you’re awake.
• If you can’t eat your usual food, try drinking juice or eating crackers, popsicles, or soup.
• If you can’t eat at all, drink clear liquids such as ginger ale. Eat or drink something with sugar in it if you have trouble keeping food down, because you still need calories. If you can’t eat enough, you increase your risk of low blood glucose, also called hypoglycemia.
• In people with type 1 diabetes, when blood glucose is high, the body produces ketones. Ketones can make you sick. Test your urine or blood for ketones if
o your blood glucose is above 240
o you can’t keep food or liquids down
• Call your health care provider right away if
your blood glucose has been above 240 for longer than a day
you have ketones
you feel sleepier than usual
you have trouble breathing
you can’t think clearly
you throw up more than once
you’ve had diarrhea for more than 6 hours
• making wise food choices
• being physically active
• taking medicines if needed
For people taking certain diabetes medicines, following a schedule for meals, snacks, and physical activity is best. However, some diabetes medicines allow for more flexibility. You’ll work with your health care team to create a diabetes plan that’s best for you.
You can take good care of yourself and your diabetes by learning
• what to eat
• how much to eat
• when to eat
Making wise food choices can help you
• feel good every day
• lose weight if you need to
• lower your risk for heart disease, stroke, and other problems caused by diabetes
Healthful eating helps keep your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, in your target range. Physical activity and, if needed, diabetes medicines also help. The diabetes target range is the blood glucose level suggested by diabetes experts for good health. You can help prevent health problems by keeping your blood glucose levels on target.
Your Diabetes Medicines
What you eat and when you eat affect how your diabetes medicines work. Talk with your doctor or diabetes teacher about when to take your diabetes medicines. Fill in the names of your diabetes medicines, when to take them, and how much to take. Draw hands on the clocks to show when to take your medicines.
Your Physical Activity Plan
What you eat and when also depend on how much you exercise. Physical activity is an important part of staying healthy and controlling your blood glucose. Keep these points in mind:
• Talk with your doctor about what types of exercise are safe for you.
• Make sure your shoes fit well and your socks stay clean and dry. Check your feet for redness or sores after exercising. Call your doctor if you have sores that do not heal.
• Warm up and stretch for 5 to 10 minutes before you exercise. Then cool down for several minutes after you exercise. For example, walk slowly at first, stretch, and then walk faster.
Finish up by walking slowly again.
• Ask your doctor whether you should exercise if your blood glucose level is high.
• Ask your doctor whether you should have a snack before you exercise.
• Know the signs of low blood glucose, also called hypoglycemia. Always carry food or glucose tablets to treat low blood glucose.
• Always wear your medical identification or other ID.
• Find an exercise buddy. Many people find they are more likely to do something active if a friend joins them.
Low Blood Glucose (Hypoglycemia)
Low blood glucose can make you feel shaky, weak, confused, irritable, hungry, or tired. You may sweat a lot or get a headache. If you have these symptoms, check your blood glucose. If it is below 70, have one of the following right away:
• 3 or 4 glucose tablets
• 1 serving of glucose gel—the amount equal to 15 grams of carbohydrate
• 1/2 cup (4 ounces) of any fruit juice
• 1/2 cup (4 ounces) of a regular (not diet) soft drink
• 1 cup (8 ounces) of milk
• 5 or 6 pieces of hard candy
• 1 tablespoon of sugar or honey
After 15 minutes, check your blood glucose again. If it’s still too low, have another serving. Repeat these steps until your blood glucose level is 70 or higher. If it will be an hour or more before your next meal, have a snack as well.
When You’re Sick
Take care of yourself when you’re sick. Being sick can make your blood glucose go too high.
Tips on what to do include the following:
• Check your blood glucose level every 4 hours. Write down the results.
• Keep taking your diabetes medicines. You need them even if you can’t keep food down.
• Drink at least one cup (8 ounces) of water or other calorie-free, caffeine-free liquid every hour while you’re awake.
• If you can’t eat your usual food, try drinking juice or eating crackers, popsicles, or soup.
• If you can’t eat at all, drink clear liquids such as ginger ale. Eat or drink something with sugar in it if you have trouble keeping food down, because you still need calories. If you can’t eat enough, you increase your risk of low blood glucose, also called hypoglycemia.
• In people with type 1 diabetes, when blood glucose is high, the body produces ketones. Ketones can make you sick. Test your urine or blood for ketones if
o your blood glucose is above 240
o you can’t keep food or liquids down
• Call your health care provider right away if
your blood glucose has been above 240 for longer than a day
you have ketones
you feel sleepier than usual
you have trouble breathing
you can’t think clearly
you throw up more than once
you’ve had diarrhea for more than 6 hours
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